
University of California, San Francisco
Appointed in 1985
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University of California, San Francisco
Appointed in 1985
Mechanism of action of maturation promoting factor

University of Glasgow, Scotland
Appointed in 1961
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University of Glasgow, Scotland
Appointed in 1961
Biosynthesis of adrenocortical sterioids


Max-Planck Institute
Appointed in 1969
Gene order and translational reguation of the phage M12

Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Appointed in 1964
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Appointed in 1964
Intracellular metabolic control


Duke University
Appointed in 2002
Structural Biology of human mismatch repair

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Appointed in 1997
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University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Appointed in 1997
Interactions of microtubules and actin in cell motility

Brandeis University
Appointed in 2022
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Brandeis University
Appointed in 2022
Timing molecular interactions in high throughput via a polymerase stopwatch
Deep learning methods have revolutionized structural biology by accurately predicting single structures of proteins and protein-protein complexes. However, biological function is rooted in a protein’s ability to sample different conformational substates, and disease-causing point mutations are often due to population changes of these substates. This has sparked immense interest in expanding the capability of algorithms such as AlphaFold2 (AF2) to predict conformational substates. We demonstrate that clustering an input multiple sequence alignment (MSA) by sequence similarity enables AF2 to sample alternate states of known metamorphic proteins, including the circadian rhythm protein KaiB, the transcription factor RfaH, and the spindle checkpoint protein Mad2, and score these states with high confidence. Moreover, we use AF2 to identify a minimal set of two point mutations predicted to switch KaiB between its two states. Finally, we used our clustering method, AF-cluster, to screen for alternate states in protein families without known fold-switching, and identified a putative alternate state for the oxidoreductase DsbE. Similarly to KaiB, DsbE is predicted to switch between a thioredoxin-like fold and a novel fold. This prediction is the subject of ongoing experimental testing. Further development of such bioinformatic methods in tandem with experiments will likely have profound impact on predicting protein energy landscapes, essential for shedding light into biological function.

University of Edinburgh, Scotland
Appointed in 1994
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University of Edinburgh, Scotland
Appointed in 1994
Analysis of apoptosis using a cell-free assay

Harvard University Medical School
Appointed in 1976
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Harvard University Medical School
Appointed in 1976
Glial factor controlling neruoblasts differentiation

Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Appointed in 1978
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Appointed in 1978
DNA Replication

University of California, Berkeley
Appointed in 2014
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University of California, Berkeley
Appointed in 2014
RNA, ribosome and RNA polymerase: three molecules at a time
Transcription by RNA Polymerase and translation by the Ribosome are two fundamental and important processes that shape cellular identity. Mutations that disrupt these processes can result in disease such as cancer. We strive to understand the underlying mechanisms of transcription and translation using optical tweezer. This single molecule technique allows us to monitor the actions of individual RNA Polymerase and the ribosome in real time that are often scored as averages in bulk measurements. We currently aim to scrutinize the activities of these molecular motors when coupled in the same reaction. The coupling between RNAP polymerase and the ribosome, which occurs in vivo in E. coli., constitutes an additional layer to control gene expression. A deeper understanding of both transcription and translation either alone or coupled will open up new ideas to curb or to cure diseases that stem from a malfunction in these process.

University of Colorado, Boulder
Appointed in 1992
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University of Colorado, Boulder
Appointed in 1992
Mechanisms of protein facilitated RNA catalysis

University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Appointed in 2018
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University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Appointed in 2018
Bleb-nucleated signaling scaffolds in metastasis-prone melanoma cells

University of California, Davis
Appointed in 1969
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University of California, Davis
Appointed in 1969
Structure and assembly of bacterial ribosomes

Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Appointed in 2012
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Appointed in 2012
Aneuploidy effect on protein homeostasis

Salk Institute for Biological Studies
Appointed in 1966
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Salk Institute for Biological Studies
Appointed in 1966
Genetic mechansims that control the production and specificity of antibodies

University of Washington, Seattle
Appointed in 1985
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University of Washington, Seattle
Appointed in 1985
Molecular analysis of cdc15 in chromosome segregation

Harvard University Medical School
Appointed in 2020
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Harvard University Medical School
Appointed in 2020
Unified model of social processing in prefrontal cortex
I study the deep statistical structure of behavior to learn how it is shaped by ongoing brain activity. The purpose of the central nervous system is to coordinate an animal’s actions in space and time. The power of mammalian brains is evident in the variety and expressiveness of their behavior, yet it is precisely these qualities that make the behavior difficult to annotate and record – steps that are prerequisite for modern data analysis. As a consequence, neuroscience has mostly been limited to a narrow set of behaviors and well-defined tasks. This limitation is especially severe for the study of social behavior, in which the spontaneous actions and reactions of two interacting animals created an added level of complexity.
Recently, the advent of new tools in machine learning have made it possible to quantify behavior with much greater precision and richness. My research focuses on creating new tools for behavior measurement and applying them to rodent social behavior, with the specific goal of understanding how social interaction is shaped by the prefrontal cortex.


Stanford University
Appointed in 1977
In vitro replication of col E1 DNA

University of California, San Francisco
Appointed in 1984
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University of California, San Francisco
Appointed in 1984
Effect of protein synthesis inhibition on transcript localization

University of California, Berkeley
Appointed in 1984
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University of California, Berkeley
Appointed in 1984
Adaptiation of E. Coli and S. typhimurium to chemostatic stimuli


Brandeis University
Appointed in 1974
Structure of fibrinogen

MRC Center, University Medical School, England
Appointed in 1972
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MRC Center, University Medical School, England
Appointed in 1972
Sequence analysis of high molecular weight RNA from oncongenic viruses

University of California, Berkeley
Appointed in 1996
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University of California, Berkeley
Appointed in 1996
Poly(A)-dependent control of translation initiation

University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Appointed in 1990
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University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Appointed in 1990
Sterol repressor: genetic and biochemical analysis

University of California, San Francisco
Appointed in 1999
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University of California, San Francisco
Appointed in 1999
Specificity in G protein signal transduction

University of Medicine and Dentristry New Jersey
Appointed in 1992
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University of Medicine and Dentristry New Jersey
Appointed in 1992
Activation of a bacterial signal transduction protein

Harvard University Medical School /
Colorado State University
Appointed in 1976
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Harvard University Medical School / Colorado State University
Appointed in 1976
DNA transmethylation


University of Michigan
Appointed in 1964
Transport systems and amiono acid transport


Yale University
Appointed in 1972
Embryonic determination and differentiation in Drosophila


Stanford University
Appointed in 1973
DNA structure of Drosophila


Princeton University
Appointed in 1990
Role of NSF attachment protein in Golgi transport

Harvard University Medical School
Appointed in 2017
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Harvard University Medical School
Appointed in 2017
Identifying novel nucleotide second messengers from mammals using bacteria
Nucleotide second messengers are crucial for development and signaling in both humans and bacteria. Nucleotide-centric pathways in human cells are targets of therapeutic interventions for cancer and diabetes, but signal regulation is complex and remains poorly understood. My work reconstructs mammalian nucleotide signaling in bacterial systems, creating the transformative opportunity to leverage bacterial genetics to uncover how these pathways are mechanistically regulated. Future findings from this work will enhance our understanding of known and previously uncharacterized cell signals in eukaryotes and prokaryotes._x000D_
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Prior to my postdoctoral work, I earned my Ph.D. in Daniel A. Portnoy’s Lab, at the University of California, Berkeley. There, I worked on essential genes and virulence regulation in the bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes.


Harvard University
Appointed in 1987
Signal transduiction mechanisms during neural induction

University of Wisconsin, Madison
Appointed in 1965
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University of Wisconsin, Madison
Appointed in 1965
Nucleic acid metabolism


Wesleyan University
Appointed in 1982
Transposable elements in integrated mammalian systems


University of Chicago
Appointed in 1965
Cellular protein synthesis

MRC Center, University Medical School, England
Appointed in 1983
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MRC Center, University Medical School, England
Appointed in 1983
Higher order folding in chromatin

California Institute of Technology
Appointed in 1993
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California Institute of Technology
Appointed in 1993
snRNP interactions of the yeast splicing protein, PRP4


University of Wisconsin, Madison
Appointed in 1987
Post-transcriptional control of gene expression


Johns Hopkins University
Appointed in 1966
Structure and composition of core portion of the cell wall lipopolysaccharide of E. coli

University of Colorado, Boulder
Appointed in 1988
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University of Colorado, Boulder
Appointed in 1988
Preparing active subsystems of Tetrahymena ribozyme

Harvard University Medical School
Appointed in 1991
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Harvard University Medical School
Appointed in 1991


Stanford University
Appointed in 1997
Identification of picornavirus-susceptibility genes


Johns Hopkins University
Appointed in 1965
Protein chemistry

Salk Institute for Biological Studies
Appointed in 1974
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Salk Institute for Biological Studies
Appointed in 1974
Mechanism of tumor metastasis

University of Hawaii /
University of California, Davis
Appointed in 1979
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University of Hawaii / University of California, Davis
Appointed in 1979
Translational regulation of protein synthesis

Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research
Appointed in 1986
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Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research
Appointed in 1986
Immunoglobulin DNA rearrangement enzyme(s)

Harvard University Medical School
Appointed in 1972
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Harvard University Medical School
Appointed in 1972
Chain termination in eukaryotes


Johns Hopkins University
Appointed in 1964
Properties of mitochondrial membranes


Harvard University
Appointed in 1996
Combinatorial design of a PH-domain binder